est la transcendance de l’humain et de la vie humaine, on cherche à défier la Download Full PDF Package. [23] Huxley describes transhumanism in these terms: Up till now human life has generally been, as Hobbes described it, 'nasty, brutish and short'; the great majority of human beings (if they have not already died young) have been afflicted with misery⦠we can justifiably hold the belief that these lands of possibility exist, and that the present limitations and miserable frustrations of our existence could be in large measure surmounted⦠The human species can, if it wishes, transcend itselfânot just sporadically, an individual here in one way, an individual there in another way, but in its entirety, as humanity. [128][129], Other critics target what they claim to be an instrumental conception of the human body in the writings of Marvin Minsky, Hans Moravec and some other transhumanists. The points of agreement that most transhumanists share could be paraphrased as follows: Based on these eight points, we see transhumanists have a common concern. - On ne se remet jamais d'une enfance heureuse. [149] Instead, most transhumanist thinkers advocate a "new eugenics", a form of egalitarian liberal eugenics. [107], Other transhumanists, such as cyborg artist Neil Harbisson, use technologies and techniques to improve their senses and perception of reality. [97] Following this dialogue, William Sims Bainbridge, a sociologist of religion, conducted a pilot study, published in the Journal of Evolution and Technology, suggesting that religious attitudes were negatively correlated with acceptance of transhumanist ideas and indicating that individuals with highly religious worldviews tended to perceive transhumanism as being a direct, competitive (though ultimately futile) affront to their spiritual beliefs.[98]. Burke questions the practicality of some of these views, but concludes that maintaining the status quo of inquiry and development poses hazards of its own, such as a disorienting rate of change and the depletion of our planet's resources. Books, TV shows, films, and plays have been created as thought experiments for examining possible future scenarios for humanity’s development. Avec Terence Ericson, découvrez plus en détail pour quelles raisons est-il essentiel de prendr. Olivier Rey est chercheur au CNRS, membre de l'Institut d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques. n’était déjà pas le bienvenu dans la pensée de Nietzsche. Invisible, this auxiliary lobe answers your questions with information beyond the realm of your own memory, suggests plausible courses of action, and asks questions that help bring out relevant facts. part entière ? [120], In her 1992 book Science as Salvation, philosopher Mary Midgley traces the notion of achieving immortality by transcendence of the material human body (echoed in the transhumanist tenet of mind uploading) to a group of male scientific thinkers of the early 20th century, including J. Others install electronic devices in their bodies or experiment with genetic modification of their genes outside of the restrictions imposed by governments. [14], In his first edition of Political Justice (1793), William Godwin included arguments favoring the possibility of "earthly immortality" (what would now be called physical immortality). This "surveillance" of society dictates how the majority of individuals choose to express themselves aesthetically. [134] In the extreme, this could lead to the manufacturing and enslavement of "monsters" such as human clones, human-animal chimeras, or bioroids, but even lesser dislocations of humans and non-humans from social and ecological systems are seen as problematic. He asserts that liberalism was founded not on the proposition of effective equality of human beings, or de facto equality, but on the assertion of an equality in political rights and before the law, or de jure equality. Selon lui la vie est à prendre telle qu’elle est. De ses débuts confidentiels dans la Californie des années 1990 à la profusion d’articles, de livres et de débats, le transhumanisme suscite rejets radicaux ou adhésions extrêmes, de F. Fukuyama le qualifiant d’« idée la plus ... Transhumanists of this description stress that the genetic engineering that they advocate is general insertion into both the somatic cells of living beings and in germ cells, and not purging of individuals without the modifications, deeming the latter not only unethical but also unnecessary due to the possibilities of efficient genetic engineering. Esfandiary), 'n Iraans-Amerikaans futuroloog wat die 'nuwe konsepte van die Mens' doseer aan die New School University, mense as 'transhumanisties' (van . et moins fastidieuse. Le transhumanisme, un défi du nouvel âge de l'Humanité . ( Déconnexion / Yan Marchand - philosophe pour enfant, auteur jeunesse, philosophie en CP, CE1, CE2, CM1, CM2, Collège. [152] Advocates of the precautionary principle, such as many in the environmental movement, also favor slow, careful progress or a halt in potentially dangerous areas. [86] Transhumanist Buddhists have sought to explore areas of agreement between various types of Buddhism and Buddhist-derived meditation and mind-expanding neurotechnologies. [151] Most transhumanists holding similar views nonetheless distance themselves from the term "eugenics" (preferring "germinal choice" or "reprogenetics")[140] to avoid having their position confused with the discredited theories and practices of early-20th-century eugenic movements. Le transhumanisme s'impose comme une nouvelle croyance à grand renfort de promesse de jeunesse éternelle et de conférences TED. Transhumanism is a way of thinking about the future that is based on the premise that the human species in its current form does not represent the end of our development but rather a comparatively early phase.. Transhumanism is a loosely defined movement that has developed gradually over the past two decades. One of the early science fiction hallmarks was a techno-optimism that envisioned the unlimited possibilities for human development and property. The fact that a single asteroid could potentially exterminate humankind is, if not a stark reminder of our mortality, at least a wake-up call. Mais la médecine n’a pas pour but de changer la constitution Trouvé à l'intérieurPhénoménologie et philosophie de la nature », revue Études phénoménologiques, tome XII, n° 23-24, Bruxelles, Ousia, 1996. Diogène LAëRCE – Vies, doctrines ... Longevity, or the prolongation of human lifespan, is sought as a goal among transhumanists, and the final goal is immortality. Unlike with other companies, you'll be working directly with your writer without Dissertation Philosophie Transhumanisme agents or intermediaries, which results in lower prices. Rappelons tout d’abord que l’humanisme c’est le fait de mettre au premier plan et de respecter l’homme dans son être. Devrons-nous dans un "[102] Prisco also recognizes the importance of spiritual ideas, such as the ones of Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, to the origins of the transhumanism movement. [110] Some speculate that human enhancement techniques and other emerging technologies may facilitate more radical human enhancement no later than at the midpoint of the 21st century. Transhumanism is a loosely defined movement that has developed gradually over the past two decades. Au fond, qu'est-ce que le transhumanisme ? Le présent ouvrage entend répondre à ces questions. Trouvé à l'intérieurPhilosophie. 1. Transhumanisme et posthumanisme Le rêve ancien de fabrication d'un « homme nouveau », d'une humanité supérieure, qui fut autrefois l'apanage ... [116] Criticisms of transhumanism and its proposals take two main forms: those objecting to the likelihood of transhumanist goals being achieved (practical criticisms) and those objecting to the moral principles or worldview sustaining transhumanist proposals or underlying transhumanism itself (ethical criticisms). Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 577440 ou Le transhumanisme se définit comme la philosophie faisant la promotion de l'amélioration de la condition humaine à travers des technologies ... Transhumanists come in many shapes and sizes. The term itself, however, derives from an earlier 1940 paper by the Canadian philosopher W. D. For Bostrom and other transhumanists, this means that the phase humanity is currently in could potentially (and perhaps should) be transcended. Transhumanism is a philosophy that seeks to make human life better by advancing human capabilities and survivability. [6], These criticisms are also voiced by non-libertarian transhumanist advocates, especially self-described democratic transhumanists, who believe that the majority of current or future social and environmental issues (such as unemployment and resource depletion) need to be addressed by a combination of political and technological solutions (like a guaranteed minimum income and alternative technology). [144] Other thinkers who are sympathetic to transhumanist ideas, such as philosopher Russell Blackford, have also objected to the appeal to tradition and what they see as alarmism involved in Brave New World-type arguments.[145]. Avec Terence Ericson, découvrez plus en détail pour quelles raisons est-il essentiel de prendr. mentales, via un usage avancé de nanotechnologies et Some precautionists believe that artificial intelligence and robotics present possibilities of alternative forms of cognition that may threaten human life.[153]. Lighthall. Dublin also said that historical parallels existed between Millenarian religions and Communist doctrines. October 17, 2017 3.47pm EDT. Studybay is a freelance platform. The late 19th to early 20th century movement known as Russian cosmism also incorporated some ideas which later developed into the core of the transhumanist movement in particular by early protagonist Russian philosopher N. F. [2], Another topic of transhumanist research is how to protect humanity against existential risks, such as nuclear war or asteroid collision. [154], One transhumanist solution proposed by Bostrom to counter existential risks is control of differential technological development, a series of attempts to influence the sequence in which technologies are developed. Jean Boboc, Le transhumanisme décrypté : Métamorphose du bateau de Thésée, Apopsix, 2017, 463 p. (ISBN 978-2359791372) Vincent Billard, Éloge de ma fille bionique: Philosophie du handicap, humanisme et transhumanisme, Hermann, 2017, 266 p. (ISBN 978-2705673901) Robert Redeker, L'Éclipse de la mort, Desclée De Brouwer, 2017, 224 p. Il a publié plusieurs ouvrages dont Une folle solitude. In a 1992 book, sociologist Max Dublin pointed to many past failed predictions of technological progress and argued that modern futurist predictions would prove similarly inaccurate. [4] Some transhumanists believe that human beings may eventually be able to transform themselves into beings with abilities so greatly expanded from the current condition as to merit the label of posthuman beings. répondra qu’il faut « mourir au bon moment ». [108], Transhumanists support the emergence and convergence of technologies including nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science (NBIC), as well as hypothetical future technologies like simulated reality, artificial intelligence, superintelligence, 3D bioprinting, mind uploading, chemical brain preservation and cryonics. de temps libre à s’accorder. [24], Huxley's definition differs, albeit not substantially, from the one commonly in use since the 1980s. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 17751 2ème moment : « Philosophie » du transhumanisme...59 Suite des livres publiés par Sous la direction de François. Ch 1 : Mythologies de l'Hubris. They argue against the genetic engineering of human beings because they fear the blurring of the boundary between human and artifact. Edwards, who fear that the improvements afforded by a specific, privileged section of society will lead to a division of the human species into two different and distinct species. Gratuit. This aim is the subject of philosophical criticism because death, within certain philosophical traditions, is considered a necessary condition of life. In such a phase, natural evolution would be replaced with deliberate participatory or directed evolution. However, many have a great interest in life extension strategies and in funding research in cryonics in order to make the latter a viable option of last resort, rather than remaining an unproven method. [51], The first transhumanist elected member of a parliament has been Giuseppe Vatinno, in Italy. [42] In 2002, the WTA modified and adopted The Transhumanist Declaration. The ideas raised by these thinkers were explored in the science fiction of the 1960s, notably in Arthur C. Clarke's 2001: A Space Odyssey, in which an alien artifact grants transcendent power to its wielder.[25]. Transhumanism, social and philosophical movement devoted to promoting the development of robust human-enhancement technologies that would augment or increase human sensory reception, emotive ability, or cognitive capacity as well as radically improve human health and extend human life spans. Les Livres de Philosophie samedi 2 octobre 2021. For instance, Stephen Hawking points out that the "external transmission" phase of human evolution, where knowledge production and knowledge management is more important than transmission of information via evolution, may be the point at which human civilization becomes unstable and self-destructs, one of Hawking's explanations for the Fermi paradox. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Merci à Michel Serres pour cette belle leçon de philosophie miroir ! [123], As a practical matter, however, international protocols on human subject research may not present a legal obstacle to attempts by transhumanists and others to improve their offspring by germinal choice technology. English: Transhumanism is an international and intellectual movement that aims to transform the human condition by developing and making widely available sophisticated technologies to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities. De Dissertation Philosophie Transhumanisme Les effets négatif C'est quoi la technologie et pourquoi avons-nous besoin?Lisez ce Archives du BAC Dissertation et plus de 256 dissertation philosophie transhumanisme 000 autres dissertation.Ce court article n'a pas vocation à les décrire toutes mais de fournir un point de vue (le mien) sur ce qu'est le transhumanisme, où il en est et ce qu'il . Marc Alpozzo (Ouvroir de réflexions potentielles) 06h00 22 sept. 2021. Fyodorov.[20]. Le transhumanisme est un courant ambigüe qui d’un côté With the exponential progress in bioinformatics, Hughes believes that a virtual model of genetic expression in the human body will not be far behind and that it will soon be possible to accelerate approval of genetic modifications by simulating their effects on virtual humans. In short, transhumanism engages with the necessity of overcoming humanity’s limitations and/or enhancing its abilities. [30] Moravec's ideas and transhumanism have also been characterised as a "complacent" or "apocalyptic" variant of posthumanism and contrasted with "cultural posthumanism" in humanities and the arts. Ridley Scott interroge la nature humaine par tous les moyens du cinéma, aux images choquantes autant que monstrueuses. [132], Biopolitical activist Jeremy Rifkin and biologist Stuart Newman accept that biotechnology has the power to make profound changes in organismal identity. L’accomplissement personnel passe par la [140] The 1997 film Gattaca depicts a dystopian society in which one's social class depends entirely on genetic potential and is often cited by critics in support of these views. It is, however, essential to keep in mind that transhumanism’s fixes could potentially create further inequalities between those who have enhancements and those who do not. When it comes to asteroids hitting Earth, one potential threat to the planet, people at NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) in California are hard at work. soient physiques ou He claims that it would be morally wrong for humans to tamper with fundamental aspects of themselves (or their children) in an attempt to overcome universal human limitations, such as vulnerability to aging, maximum life span and biological constraints on physical and cognitive ability. But according to transhumanism, such thinking is outdated because of the advances in technology and medical capabilities involved in keeping the human body alive. Dans une société où l'innovation technique est continue avec un impact considérable de la technologie dans nos quotidiens, le transhumanisme a le mérite de poser les questions sur l'Homme de demain. louange, du blâme, plus besoin de félicitations. Quelques grands noms parmi les extropiens : Max More . In the Discourse, Descartes envisioned a new kind of medicine that could grant both physical immortality and stronger minds. (1989) by FM-2030 (formerly known as F.M. [62] Transhumanist self-characterisations as a continuation of humanism and Enlightenment thinking correspond with this view. Ils prônent une philosophie ultra-libérale, utilitariste et conséquentialiste. Le mouvement fait néanmoins preuve de pragmatisme (une idéologie suivit par David Hume, philosophe anglais) face à la réalité. On peut trouver l'audio de la conférence ici : Many of the leading transhumanist thinkers hold views that are under constant revision and development. They commented that a philosophy bereft of these beliefs leaves humanity adrift in a foggy sea of postmodern cynicism and anomie. St. Leon may have provided inspiration for his daughter Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein.[15]. Godwin explored the themes of life extension and immortality in his gothic novel St. Leon, which became popular (and notorious) at the time of its publication in 1799, but is now mostly forgotten. Most transhumanists do, however, agree with the Transhumanist Declaration published by the non-profit HumanityPlus. Transhumanist Medicine: Can We Direct Its Power to the Service of Human Dignity? With the wide-ranging interests of transhumanists, it can be hard to describe them as a uniform group. encore de réponse. qui s’est fait amputer, l’homme ne cesse de progresser pour perfectionner ses Pour Bertrand Vergely, il est nécessaire de sortir de l'opposition du couple fort-faible et de la violence qu'il engendre. This is the first step towards hypothetically uploading contents of the human brain, including memories and emotions, onto a computer.[115]. You get to choose an expert you'd like to work with. Comments. Que de questions auxquelles nous n’avons pas toujours ou pas However, bioethicist James Hughes suggests that one possible ethical route to the genetic manipulation of humans at early developmental stages is the building of computer models of the human genome, the proteins it specifies and the tissue engineering he argues that it also codes for. On parle alors de post-humain résistant aux maladies, virus [19][5] The Transhumanist FAQ, prepared by the WTA (later Humanity+), gave two formal definitions for transhumanism:[43], In possible contrast with other transhumanist organizations, WTA officials considered that social forces could undermine their futurist visions and needed to be addressed. Some critics of transhumanism see the old eugenics, social Darwinist, and master race ideologies and programs of the past as warnings of what the promotion of eugenic enhancement technologies might unintentionally encourage. Par son caractère technophile, le transhumanisme est une philosophie ouvertement optimiste mais néanmoins dystopique dans le cyberpunk, car exacerbant le capitalisme. Thèmes : épicurisme, super longévité, micro-sociétés, technologie, relations sociales, et bien plus. Harbisson's antenna, which is permanently implanted in his skull, allows him to sense colours beyond human perception such as infrareds and ultraviolets. Therefore, on the specific issue of an emerging genetic divide due to unequal access to human enhancement technologies, bioethicist James Hughes, in his 2004 book Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future, argues that progressives or, more precisely, techno-progressives must articulate and implement public policies (i.e., a universal health care voucher system that covers human enhancement technologies) in order to attenuate this problem as much as possible, rather than trying to ban human enhancement technologies. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 41Une telle attitude philosophique , partagée par des philosophes ... 17 et le transhumanisme 18 , les développements technoscientifiques actuels mettent en ... Forums pour discuter de philosophie, voir ses formes composées, des exemples et poser vos questions. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 56Le libertarianisme (appelé aussi libertarisme, dont il existe une version plus à gauche et libertaire, hostile à l'économie de marché) est une philosophie ... C’est cette effroyable dérive de notre civilisation que Dominique Folscheid analyse, alliant comme personne connaissance scientifique et réflexion philosophique. L'humain et ses préfixes : une encyclopédie du transhumanisme et du posthumanisme L'idéologie du progrès dans la tourmente du postmodernisme : actes du colloque des 10, 11 et 12 février 2012, organisé au Palais des Académies, à Bruxelles par l'Académie royale de Belgique Mais d'autres en revanche, voient plutôt le transhumanisme comme l'aboutissement d'idéologie et de philosophie anciennes. The first self-described transhumanists met formally in the early 1980s at the University of California, Los Angeles, which became the main center of transhumanist thought. The Epic of Gilgamesh: 3 Parallels from Mesopotamia to Ancient Greece. Many transhumanists actively assess the potential for future technologies and innovative social systems to improve the quality of all life, while seeking to make the material reality of the human condition fulfill the promise of legal and political equality by eliminating congenital mental and physical barriers. [citation needed] Unlike many philosophers, social critics and activists who place a moral value on preservation of natural systems, transhumanists see the very concept of the specifically natural as problematically nebulous at best and an obstacle to progress at worst. se répéter à l’infini, cette doctrine permet à l’humanité de donner un The second characteristic focuses on improving humanity’s inherent abilities and capabilities to make humanity and society better. Le transhumanisme est de manière simple un ensemble de They believe that humans can and should use these technologies to become more than human. In the years after WWII, the genre of science-fiction developed and caught the imagination of the public. libéralisme exacerbé qui est contraire à l’équité nécessaire à une vie sociale Métaphore musicale : https://youtu.be/kCXieYeGxQs* * *Retrouvez les vidéos et les ouvrages des intervenants sur http://philocloud.fr* * * Haussez la réalité . technocentrism) and on the issue of mortality. I will now attempt to sum up the philosophy of transhumanism in a single sentence. [36] At the EZTV Media venue, frequented by transhumanists and other futurists, Natasha Vita-More presented Breaking Away, her 1980 experimental film with the theme of humans breaking away from their biological limitations and the Earth's gravity as they head into space. Pour ce qui est de l’aspect éthique, il faut se questionner sur la limite biologique Il est Membre de l'Académie royale de Belgique ainsi que de l'Institut International de Philosophie. The second event, the founding of The World Transhumanist Association in 1998, helped shape the current transhumanist program into its contemporary form. Aujourd’hui le transhumanisme se retrouve partout : qu’il Drawing upon ideas in digitalism, Tipler has advanced the notion that the collapse of the Universe billions of years hence could create the conditions for the perpetuation of humanity in a simulated reality within a megacomputer and thus achieve a form of "posthuman godhood". Mais cela pose des problèmes éthiques et de morale. "[130] Some critics question other social implications of the movement's focus on body modification. Blue ocean strategy apple case study ielts essay on censorship of art and artists. Some think we should colonize space, others think that a built-in communications device installed below the skin is the way to go. [77] Additionally, there are many, according to M.J. McNamee and S.D. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 35Mikhaëlle Stella BOUKA Etudiante Ecole Normale Supérieure de l'Université Marien Ngouabi de Brazzaville, Congo Résumé Le transhumanisme constitue, en soi, ... A political party has even been created in the US, which espouses a fundamental transhumanist position. [2][16][17][18] The transhumanist philosophies of Max More and Stefan Lorenz Sorgner have been influenced strongly by Nietzschean thinking. What is Transhumanism? [79] Some distinctive currents of transhumanism are identified and listed here in alphabetical order: Although many transhumanists are atheists, agnostics, and/or secular humanists, some have religious or spiritual views. The concept of the technological singularity, or the ultra-rapid advent of superhuman intelligence, was first proposed by the British cryptologist I. J. 6 Perks of Our Essay Service "It is such a pain to write all the assignments I get in college! se conformer à la même chose ? [46] This left the World Transhumanist Association as the leading international transhumanist organization. Even the goal of using germinal choice technology for clearly therapeutic purposes should be relinquished, since it would inevitably produce temptations to tamper with such things as cognitive capacities. [54] Social philosopher Jürgen Habermas makes a similar argument in his 2003 book The Future of Human Nature, in which he asserts that moral autonomy depends on not being subject to another's unilaterally imposed specifications. Ils prônent une philosophie ultra-libérale, utilitariste et conséquentialiste. He claims that human lives would no longer seem meaningful in a world where such limitations could be overcome technologically. Political scientist Klaus-Gerd Giesen, in particular, has asserted that transhumanism's concentration on altering the human body represents the logical yet tragic consequence of atomized individualism and body commodification within a consumer culture. " Nicola Niclass n'analyse pas seulement les théories éclairées de Maurice Nédoncelle, de William Dubois et d'Adam Smith, il les approfondit philosophiquement en explorant avec sagesse les notions essentielles de la vie. Par exemple, les principes de l'extropie rédigés en 1990 résument les valeurs et les convictions fondamentales du transhumanisme et ce serait le premier document explicite du transhumanisme et du concept du transhumanisme tel que nous le connaissons aujourd'hui Daphné. [6] A particular concern is the equal access to human enhancement technologies across classes and borders. • Philosophie, philosophie africaine et transhumanisme • Ethique, morales africaines et transhumanisme • Théologie, religions, cosmogonies africaines et transhumanisme • Imaginaires contemporains, récits africains et transhumanisme • Critiques du transhumanisme Entrez vos coordonnées ci-dessous ou cliquez sur une icône pour vous connecter: Vous commentez à l’aide de votre compte WordPress.com. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 502les auteurs, les oeuvres et les notions philosophiques Pierre Kahn, Elisabeth Clément, ... Le terme transhumanisme est apparu dans les années 1950, ... manière de sociabiliser et d’apporter sa contribution à l’humanité. [44] In 2006, a political struggle within the transhumanist movement between the libertarian right and the liberal left resulted in a more centre-leftward positioning of the WTA under its former executive director James Hughes. le SIDA) mais qui a un effet pervers sur l’objectif à atteindre (obtenir l’immortalité Professeur invité dans plusieurs universités d'Amérique du Nord et du Sud, d'Afrique et d'Europe, dont le Collège de France en 2003, il est l'auteur de plus de vingt livres et l'éditeur scientifique d'autant d'ouvrages . In the 1960s, he taught "new concepts of the human" at The New School when he began to identify people who adopt technologies, lifestyles and worldviews "transitional" to posthumanity as "transhuman". AI pioneer Joseph Weizenbaum criticizes what he sees as misanthropic tendencies in the language and ideas of some of his colleagues, in particular Marvin Minsky and Hans Moravec, which, by devaluing the human organism per se, promotes a discourse that enables divisive and undemocratic social policies. [1][2], Transhumanist thinkers study the potential benefits and dangers of emerging technologies that could overcome fundamental human limitations as well as the ethics[3] of using such technologies. harmonieuse. Le transhumanisme est une philosophie qui promeut l'amélioration de nos conditions de vie et qui en explique les enjeux. Yet another consequence of enhancing the human form not only cognitively, but physically, will be the reinforcement of "desirable" traits which are perpetuated by the dominant social structure. De la Philosophie au Transhumanisme Publié 30 janvier 2019 Par Nola Scheffer Le transhumanisme est de manière simple un ensemble de techniques et de réflexions visant à améliorer les capacités humaines, qu'elles soient physiques ou mentales, via un usage avancé de nanotechnologies et de biotechnologies . What is the best way to develop humanity with growing access to new gadgets, robots, and space? Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an 'intelligence explosion,' and the intelligence of man would be left far behind.
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